Vigorous pea seedlings growing at a local, organic farm.

Our video on Seedling Care shows how Tricia grows her seedlings with proper light and fertilizer. Then she transplants her seedlings from trays to pots, and hardens them off before planting them outdoors.

Here are more tips to help you grow strong seedlings and starts.

Light for seedlings

How much light will your seedlings need?

Seeds have varying needs for light during their initial germination. Some seeds like to germinate in the dark (pot marigolds, verbenas), some are indifferent to light (hollyhocks, zinnias), and most need substantial amounts of light (lettuces, petunias).

Depending on what seeds you’re growing you can use a south-facing window, a fluorescent lamp, or a grow light as your light supply. Artificial light sources should be turned on 16 hours a day. If possible, raise the lights gradually as the seedlings grow.

Seedlings with adequate light are upright with straight stems.	Seedlings that don’t get enough light will be “leggy” and flop over.

The first pair of leaves you see are known as “seed leaves”. The second pair of leaves are the all-important “true leaves”.

Review our tips on damping off to keep that from killing your seedlings. Proper seedling care should keep damping off at bay.

Once you have “true leaves” you can do all sorts of fun things like transplanting and fertilizing.

Transplanting time

Move the seedlings to larger containers after the first set of true leaves appears.

If you’ve been growing in seed trays then move them into 3 or 4-inch pots. Ease the seedlings out of their cells with a Widger or similar tool, being sure to handle only the leaves and not the stems. Gently firm soilless mix around them in their new pots and water them carefully.

Choose from our wide range of plastic or biodegradable pots for transplanting.

If you’re using Soil Blocker, put the small soil blocks into 4-inch soil blocks.

Fertilizing seedlings

After transplanting, the seedlings should begin a regimen of fertilizer. If you’re growing organically we recommend Peaceful Valley Liquid Fish Fertilizer, Liquid Kelp Extract,  Soluble Kelp Extract, or Maxicrop.

TIP: One less thing to worry about—instead of keeping a calendar of when to fertilize your seedlings, just use 1/4 of the recommended amount of fertilizer each time you water.

Hardening off

Before the seedlings can be planted outside (after the last frost) they need to be “hardened off”—a process by which they are literally toughened up via lower temperatures and reduced water. The plants respond by producing firmer growth. You can see Tricia harden off seedlings in our Seedling Care video.

Harden off your plants two weeks before you expect to plant them in the garden. Move the plants to a cool room (45F to 50F) if you want to harden them off indoors.

The plants can harden off outdoors if you prefer, but you will have to be sure to bring them in if the outside temperature goes below 45F, or on windy days. If you’re hardening off outdoors, put the plants in a shady area and gradually increase the amount of sunlight they get each day.

Whether indoors or outdoors, incrementally decrease the amount of water on the plants, but don’t let them wilt.

Enjoy the rewards of growing your own healthy seedlings and starts, and their bounty in your organic garden!

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